Inside this Article, you will
learn some of the following information:
- How to Select a Camera - Digital vs. 35mm
- Loading
Film
- How a
Digital Camera Works
- Focus, Depth of Field and Lenses
- How Do
Filters Work?
- Color or Black and White?
- Tips to
Successful Amateur Photography
- Strategies
for Portrait Photography
- How to Start a Photography Business
1. How to Select a Camera - Digital vs. 35mm
Selecting the correct camera
for you:
There are actually two types of cameras that you can choose. It all depends on how new you want to be or how traditional you want to remain. Currently, the choices range from purchasing a manual camera or of the slew of hi-tech digital cameras.
To make it easier for you, the following are tips to
help you choose the best digital camera as well as the perfect manual camera
for you. If you want to buy a manual camera, first determine if you would
like photography to be a hobby that is serious or simply a past- time.
If you're really serious, it is best that you choose a
camera that is an SLR or specifically a Single Lens Reflex camera. The
difference between a SLR camera and an average point & shoot one is that
the former allows the photographer to adjust the aperture as well as the
camera’s shutter speed. Though the pictures may be a bit difficult to take, it
is more fulfilling to do so – if you have the patience for it – as it allows
you the opportunity to create the pictures you want. A point and shoot camera
meanwhile simply just takes pictures as is and that may be what you want.
Get the opinion of an experienced photographer &
photo magazine reviews to help you make the decision.
It is best that you research and read popular
magazines on photography and see how they evaluate particular SLR cameras. It
is highly advisable that you make yourself familiar with the current cameras
being offered.
Reading up could also give you an idea of your needs.
It will also help you decide if you want a camera that has a lens for doing
close-up shots or do you want a camera with a flash system.
What depth of field would you prefer?
Know how much you are willing to spend?
The prices of cameras, particularly the SLR ones vary.
The low end cameras offer automatic aperture settings and are basically
manually operated. However, the camera models that are on the higher end also
include features found on the low end cameras plus more. These types of cameras
are also programmable, have an ability to measure flash through the camera’s
lens and provide more aperture and shutter speed read outs.
Know how to choose when you are finally ready to
choose?
If you are already in the store and ready to pick a
camera to purchase, it is best that you actually hold the camera and look
through the camera’s view finder. Check how the camera focuses. Is it bright?
Are you comfortable operating its controls? Is your wallet comfortable with its
price?
It is best that the manual camera you choose fits not
just your needs but your budget as well.
However, if you are intent on purchasing a digital
camera and actually find nothing impressive about the manual camera, the
following are basic tips to make your selection and purchase the best one.
As with purchasing a manual camera, set how much you
are willing to spend when buying a digital camera. Know your monetary limits
and work from there. Be open-minded as well as realistic. An inexpensive
digital camera may not necessarily be a low end kind and an expensive digital
camera may not necessarily be a high end kind. Believe it or not, there are
refurbished digital SLR cameras that are cheaper than the newer ones being
offered, yet have more features not available on newer expensive types. There
are many of these listed on eBay.
Determine how Experienced You Are
Be honest with yourself. How experienced or
inexperienced are you? If you are a novice, then a point & shoot digital
camera may be best for you, but if you are seriously intent on learning more,
it would be best to choose a camera that offers more features, exposure, and
control.
Check reviews
Just as with manual cameras, try your best to read on
reviews of digital cameras. There are several sites on the web. These sites are
both for serious and professional photographers as
well as those that are just starting out.
All in all, choosing a camera is easy if you know what
you are looking for. Start with your wants and your needs and everything else
will fall into place.
Digital versus 35mm
Digital versus 35mm photography is a big discussion
among many avid photographers. The 35mm camera has been the camera used by
photographers for years. Using 35mm film requires chemical processing in order
to expose the photos taken. Digital cameras on the other hand do not require
the use of film. At the same time, digital cameras don't require any type of
film to take a picture.
Technological advances in photographic equipment have
brought about the creation of sophisticated digital cameras. Digital cameras
don't require film so photos can easily be downloaded into a computer and
printed later. The features of digital cameras have become so advanced and yet
so simple to use that more and more people are opting to use them.
Digital photography simply requires the use of a
computer and a colored printer to produce any shot taken. With digital
photography, amateurs and even professional photographers can do it themselves.
Unlike 35mm film photography where the users are particularly amateurs at the
mercy of camera stores for the development of their photographs.
In most cases, users can even dictate the outcome of
the pictures taken with a digital camera. Pictures can be printed on a variety
of materials unlike 35mm film photography that require a lot of work just to be
printed on anything other than the standard. However many conventional
photographers attest to the durability of 35mm film photography as proven by
history.
Although there are cases where digital photography has
been used to salvage and restore 35mm film photographs. Pictures taken with a
digital camera can easily be stored in a variety of formats from floppy discs
to compact discs. Many traditionalists are concerned that the ever changing
technology of digital cameras may soon make current formats obsolete.
Digital Photography for Amateurs and Professionals
Alike
Digital photography has become quite popular because
it is convenient and easy to use. A digital camera in the hands of an amateur
photographer can produce some amazing shots that can outdo those taken by a
professional with a conventional 35mm camera. Mainly because many of the
digital cameras today include a number of features that only professional
photographers using conventional cameras would know how to use.
At the same time, digital cameras can be used in
various locations. Many digital cameras can even be used for underwater
pictures which is a big improvement over shots taken with a traditional 35mm
camera. Digital cameras can also be used to take wide shots like landscapes
without sacrificing detail or color.
More About Choosing Between Digital and 35mm
Photographers whose businesses rely on taking the
right pictures require dependable equipment to help them create the imagery
they need. However, many professionals are divided about the use of digital
cameras over traditional 35mm cameras. Some prefer digital while
Others still prefer 35mm cameras.
Most photographers that capture major news or sporting
events need equipment that will help them produce photos quickly and easily.
Any delays will be costly; that is why most news and sports photographers rely
on digital cameras for prompt and straightforward results.
Next to these photographers, the advertising industry
is another community that relies on digital photography. In most cases, shots
taken for various ads using digital photography also rely on computer
enhancements to add a few significant touches here and there. This is truly
something that can't be done with a traditional 35mm shot.
On the other hand, photographers who take various
pictures concerning nature and animals rely on the traditional 35mm camera for
results. For these purists, digital photography simply will not do. These
photographers sacrifice speedy printing for quality that they believe only a
35mm camera can provide.
Despite the differences of both many photographers
have actually combined both mediums to create the exact photo they want.
In fact, most photographers own both types of cameras
wherein either one serves as a backup to the other. 35mm cameras have become
the backup to digital cameras.
Simply put, it’s because digital cameras have become
so simple that even a child can operate one. At the same time, digital cameras
provide a wide assortment of features that would make any amateur photographer
feel like a professional.
2. Loading Film
So just how do you do it? Loading film on a manual
camera is basically easy. All you need is plenty of concentration and focus and
you are on your way to shooting the pictures you want and need.
The following are basic steps and tips on loading film
on a manual camera.
First things first, it is best that the film you are
loading is the type that is perfectly suited for your camera. Determine the
brand that works best for you as well as on your equipment. Try to search
through and research the types of film you have seen developed. Do
you like how they came out using that specific brand?
If not, try to look at other types until you find the picture that is colorful
and that fits your taste.
Believe it or not, there are many different film
brands to choose from. The most popular is Kodak, of course, as well as Fuji.
There is also a type of film that provides black and white picture shots. The
camera films available also have a range that offer a slow speed. There is an ISO
film speed that is in the 100 while there is also a fast film speed of 400.
An ISO film that has a speed of 100 basically offers a
picture that would best be taken outdoors rather than indoors. Outdoor shots
using this type of film are well lighted and bright. However, indoor shots that
are taken on an ISO 100 film will turn out dark and blurry without the
appropriate lighting and flash system. Also, an ISO 100 film when used to take
shots where movement takes place, will basically not turn out good. Pictures
taken using such a film will also appear blurry.
Meanwhile, an ISO 400 film offers the best option and
shots whether outdoors, indoors, static shots, wide angle shots, or moving shots.
An ISO 400 shot provides clear pictures.
Get ready to lock and load
Depending on the speed of the film you choose, set the
ISO of your camera on the type of film speed you are loading. This could be
done by adjusting the speed dial of your camera. Usually, this function is
located on the left of the camera’s top. However, in some models, particularly
Canon, the film speed adjustment is located on the right.
After adjusting, pull the tab of the film out of the
film canister to about three inches. Then, open the cameras back via pressing a
release button located usually on the camera’s right side. For other types of
camera, this release could be found and pressed at the camera’s left side.
Place the film on the available space on the left part
of the camera’s inside. Don't forget to place the film with the side that is
flat facing you.
Later, the film should be pulled across the inside of
the camera’s length in order to reach the right side of the camera’s spool.
This is where the tab of the film is to be inserted into this spool and be
winded manually, specifically counter clockwise or until this same film wraps
itself around the spool.
Spooling a film on a camera that is automatic is a lot
easier. You just close the camera’s back and press a small button, and viola,
the camera spools the film by itself.
When the film has been loaded and spooled, close the
camera’s back and let the film advance until the counter on the camera’s top
reads 1. In other cameras, the counter could read the actual number of shots
still available on the film.
Get ready to shoot and shoot and shoot
Now that the camera has been loaded with film, it is
time to get ready and take those award winning shots. In manual cameras, it is
best that the film be advanced immediately after a shot is taken. In automatic
cameras, the film advances by itself.
However, be it a manual camera or an automatic, it is important that you check whether the film is advancing or not – or if you have advanced the film or not. If you fail to check, you might be shooting to your heart’s content and the pictures may not turn out the way you want.
3. How a Digital Camera Works
Digital cameras come in a variety of different shapes
and sizes. Different brands of digital cameras also offer users an array of
features designed to make each and every shot fantastic. Despite the numerous
features offered by digital cameras, manufacturers still manage to create
products that are simple enough for a child to use.
Day by day digital cameras are becoming a well-known
fixture in most homes across the globe. In fact, most of the people around the
world own one and use it on a regular basis. Digital cameras have also been
incorporated into a variety of technical gadgets that have been integrated into
the lifestyle of people everywhere.
PDA devices as well as cellular phones are just some
of the technological devices that have a
digital camera feature. Despite being an add-on feature, the digital camera
device installed in these gadgets fair relatively well compared to detached
models.
As a matter of fact the memory used for digital
cameras, detached models or otherwise, can easily be upgraded using memory
cards. The added memory will certainly come in handy because most digital
cameras can also be used to take video clips.
There are numerous brands of digital cameras available
on the market today. Mainstream electronic brands like Nikon, Kodak, Canon and
Olympus are just some of the manufacturers of conventional 35mm cameras who
have jumped on the bandwagon to create their own lines of digital cameras.
Other famous brands that manufacture digital cameras include Panasonic, Casio
and Sony.
Basic Features of Digital Cameras to Consider
Regardless of brand names, digital cameras have the
same basic features that any consumer should know and consider before buying
one. Even though digital cameras are generally a point and shoot device,
certain features can often single out a particular brand or
model. A good example of this is the term mega pixel,
which became known when digital cameras were introduced in the market.
Mega pixels, which means millions of pixels, measure
the quality and size of a digital camera. Pixels refer to the dots that make up
a picture. Therefore a digital camera that has about a 5-mega pixel resolution
will produce better quality pictures compared to a 3-mega pixel digital camera.
Moreover, photos taken with a digital camera that
offers greater mega pixels can be enlarged safely without sacrificing the
quality of the picture. Average digital cameras with less than 3 mega pixels
often forfeit the clarity of the picture once it is enlarged. Unfortunately,
there is a downside to using a digital camera with greater mega pixels as they
consume more of the camera’s memory.
The zoom function of a digital camera is another
feature that most consumers should consider. There are generally two types of
zoom features for many of the digital cameras on the market today. The optical
zoom feature is common in devices without permanent lenses. The user can simply
zoom and focus on the subject to be photographed.
A digital zoom feature is similar to using an editing
software program for images. In most cases, a digital camera may offer both
types of zoom features. Most digital camera users recommend concentrating on
the optical zoom feature to validate the quality of the device.
What to Look for In a Digital Camera
A digital camera generally has an LCD screen. This
wide screen replaces the small aperture in conventional cameras through which
you look into before taking the shot. The LCD screen allows the photographer to
view the picture while taking it to see how it would appear in reality.
Digital cameras have memory stick slots where memory
sticks are inserted. Unfortunately, memory is another major consideration that
many consumers often overlook. For the most part it is because digital cameras
that require larger memory can be quite expensive.
On the whole, many of the digital cameras of today
make use of rechargeable batteries. Consumers should check if the particular
brand
they wish to purchase comes with a charger. If not,
then you need to purchase it separately.
Downloading pictures taken with the digital camera is another factor that needs to be considered. In most cases, many digital cameras can easily be connected to a desktop computer using a USB port. Through this connection, a user may download the pictures taken with the camera into the computer’s hard drive for printing or editing.
4. Focus, Depth of Field and Lenses
Use depth of field wisely
There is a certain way that experienced photographers
take such stunning pictures, portraits and photographs where the subject being
shot is focused in a clear and perfect manner while the background is sort of a
blur.
The following are the steps to take those amazing
picture-perfect shots.
The technical
First things first, it is best that the camera being
used has a plate for imaging that is large. Also, a lens that is considered
fast should also be used. “Fast” in photography language means a lens that has
an aperture that is larger than f2.8.
When the aperture of a camera is large, the image or
picture that will be produced has a depth of field that is shallow. In
photography language, this basically means that the area that is behind as well
as front of the subject being taken is a blur.
As much as possible, the shoulder and the head of the
subject should fill the whole frame. Also, if the subject is a person, don't
forget to focus on the subject’s eyes.
The technique
Practice really does make perfect. There is no such
thing as a perfect job done only once. It takes perseverance as well as
patience. When shooting pictures it is best to take a series of shots using a
lens that has a wide opening and a stop on at least one or two.
Focus on various areas such as the ear, nose, and hair
using varying apertures for such. When the pictures come out, you then have
many different options to choose from.
To be able to create a depth of field that is shallow,
the best thing you should do is use a long lens – preferably a telephoto – and
have it set on the zoom that at its maximum. Then, try to stand as close to the
subject as possible.
However, for subjects that are in motion, for example
a car the camera must then be moved the same way the subject is moving. Or
simply put, the subject must be followed. The best film to use for shots such
as these is ISO 400 film. Also, don't forget to set the camera at an ISO
setting that is similarly fast.
The body of the camera, especially when taking such
moving picture shots, must be steady. Make sure to focus on the subject as you
see it through the lens of the viewfinder. Using such a technique ensures that
the subject being focused on is clear and crisp while the background is a
beautiful blur. Such a picture helps highlight the movement being done by the
subject therefore making it seemingly jump from the picture.
Photo effects
Believe it or not, there is also an easy and stress
free way to create a similar photo effect without doing the techniques
mentioned. This has become possible through the magic of software. Photoshop
has a “blur” function, which blurs the picture’s background in a uniform manner
independently as well as authentically the way an actual photograph may be done
by a technically-savvy photographer. The software blur is and looks artificial
while the real blur is more organic in feel.
Fortunately or unfortunately, the technology of
software is advancing so that there is a CS2 version of Photoshop that enables
anyone to create a blur that is considered as “smart.” This function takes into
consideration the picture’s depth of field. This basically means that the function
applies a lot of blurring effects to the pixels that appears more distant and
applies a lot less blurring to the pixels that appear nearer. Believe it or
not, such a function is adjustable that anyone could achieve any effect
desired.
All in all, depth of field is a fairly easy concept to
understand especially to those serious in learning the art and craft of
photography. All it takes is a lot of patience, perseverance and a heart that
is willing to learn as well as a mind that is open to making mistakes and
gradually correcting them along the way towards creating a picture perfect
shot.
Focus and get the best out of a shot
Taking pictures is an experience that is rewarding as
well as memorable. Photography can be fulfilling as well as frustrating.
The following are basic tips and advice to get the
most out of taking great pictures.
Taking pictures indoors
The best way to achieve a good focus indoors is by
using a roll of film that has a speed of ISO 400.
There may be instances when pictures taken indoors are
blurry. The best way to solve this problem is by switching the automatic focus
on your camera. This prevents from you having to
manually focus and tirelessly concentrate on getting it sharp when the camera
can do the work for you, in less time, making it easier for you.
Also, there is a reason why there is a flash on your
camera. You need to use it especially when taking indoor shots. Pictures that
are blurry are also the result of poor lighting. When this happens, the shutter
of the camera is forced to open for a considerable amount of time therefore
making the image blurry.
Dark photos could be prevented by using a flash. Indoor shots need to have a flash even if there is light available. To make sure though, it is highly advisable that one shot be taken with a flash and another without.
Batteries, batteries, batteries
Sometimes, trying to achieve focus can prove to be
difficult especially if your camera is running out of power. You should always
check your batteries. A flash system takes a lot of battery power and the sign
that you need to have your old batteries exchanged for new ones is when your
flash does not fire when taking that shot.
Get the glare out of your pictures
There may be instances when the final prints of your
pictures may have a glare. Usually this happens when the flash reflects off
mirrors, walls that are shiny, windows, TVs, etc. You may be able to avoid this
by putting the camera on its side.
Frame and focus
Before clicking on that shutter button, focus on
framing the shot you are taking. Be aware of the picture’s frame and try not to
cut off the top of the head.
The best way to take pictures is with your bare hands.
Remove gloves if you are wearing them and don't hold any objects while framing
and focusing the shot. Doing such actually helps in avoiding the lens to be
unnecessarily blocked.
What about pictures taken outdoors
These types of pictures may be taken using film that
is ISO 100 where there may be light
readily available like during the day.
However, there may be instances where people may be
squinting when their pictures are being taken. To avoid this, try to position
people so they aren't facing the sun. It may be handy to have an umbrella
handy.
Cases also occur where people appear dark or shadowy
in the picture even if the pictures are taken outdoors. When this happens, it
could be that the photographer was positioned directly towards the sun. As much
as possible, the sun should be behind the person taking pictures. Or use a
flash to reduce any shadows on the subjects being photographed, if it is
necessary that the photographer be positioned towards the sun.
Most cameras have a capacity to lock on their focus.
To do this, have your camera point towards a spot that is bright. Keep pressing
on the shutter halfway, without going overboard and pressing it completely.
Then, move the camera to the picture you are to take and press the shutter
fully.
Be aware not just of the subject you are focusing on
but on any backgrounds available where your subject is positioned. Pay attention
to trees or any objects that could appear behind the subject that could ruin
the shot. There have been instances where a flag pole seems to be coming out of
a model’s head, when actually the shot was just poorly framed and focused.
All in all, focusing is easy if you put your mind,
heart and eyes into it.
Use a telephoto lens for your aquarium
Do you have fish in your aquarium? If you do, believe
it or not, you can take beautiful pictures of the fish using a telephoto lens.
So just how does one do it?
First things first, set your photography equipment up.
Before you start taking any pictures, just make sure that the tripod and the
camera, as well as the light are located at the aquarium tank’s top. Do not
immediately take any pictures. Let the fish get familiar with the equipment
first. This will help them relax and so shots taken of them will look natural
and candid.
Usually, the best film to use when taking shots of
moving subjects – in this case, the fish – is an ISO 400 film. This type of
film is able to take shots of quick moving subjects without the blur. This is
also the best type of equipment to be used for an environment that is low on
lighting yet fast in movement.
So how long should the lens be?
When taking pictures of aquarium fish, a lens with a
measurement anywhere between twenty eight millimeters and eighty millimeters is
best to use. For close up shots, use a tube that can be extended.
Be aware though that you need to try out different
types of lenses and measurements to make sure that the desired effect you want
to achieve is ultimately accomplished. Experimenting is the key. The type and
length of the lens that works well outdoors may not work as well when used
inside a fish tank.
Be sensitive of the shadows
Try, as much as possible, to observe any shadows that
crop up in the background while you are taking your shots. It is best that you
first wait a moment until there is a fish that appears to contrast against the
background and away from any shadows. This ensures that your subject will appear
clear in the final and developed picture.
And then there was light
The tank you are going to take pictures of should be
well lighted. It is best that light be placed at the top of the tank. You need
to be careful though when lighting is used in the water as electricity is
involved. Make sure that the placement of the lighting is safe and secure to
prevent any type of electric shock as this could prove to be fatal, both to the
fishes as well as to the photographer.
It is also highly unadvisable to use your camera flash
when taking pictures of aquarium fish. This is because the glare of the flash
could give off a reflection or produce a shiny, glaring spot in the picture
that could distract, if not ruin, the shot.
Focus, focus, focus
As much as you can, focus on the moving fish as it
darts and swims across the water. It is during this time when you could
determine the specific type of measurement, lens, and aperture opening as well
as shutter speed. Here is a good tip, if a fish is swimming towards you, try to
increase the depth of field in your camera to create a much more focused and
clear shot.
The secret to good photography
There is a way to take great pictures. However, it
won't take just a few seconds, hours, days, weeks or months, but probably years
to achieve. A lot of patience and practice is needed to perfect a shot, a
photography technique and a photography skill.
Also, avoid having any electrical equipment near any
form or types of water. Common sense dictates that doing so avoids any and all
forms of electrical shock that could prove to be fatal.
All in all, photography is an art form and medium that
is used to express any emotion, idea or message. For the photography hobbyist,
taking pictures is a way to experiment and explore, while a
serious photographer could just as well use
photography to convey a concept that no other medium could best express. Photos
do not just capture a moment, but an idea whose time has come.
Why wide angle, and how?
When is the best time to use a wide angle lens and how
do you select the appropriate wide angle lens for a particular shot?
First things first. The best time for selecting a wide
angle lens is when you are planning to take a beautiful shot of a landscape.
Another important aspect of landscape photography is
the selection of the appropriate light as well as the perfect location of the
landscape shot. As much as possible, and depending on what it is being shot,
the selection of the appropriate day to catch that landscape picture perfect
landscape view is everything.
Lights, location and action
When the location has finally been chosen for the wide
angle lens shot, try to notice the light effects visible on the area that you
plan to shoot in over a whole twenty four hour day. This ensures that
you know how the lights play over the range of
mountain, sand or seas. This also helps you plan just how it is you are to go
about taking that shot, when and how.
When you finally know, it is therefore time to be a
little bit creative. You may include elements in your picture’s foreground in
order to have an additional scale and depth to your pictures. Also, feel free
to look around from other points in the area where you think the shot could
just as well be taken. This may add a little bit of interest to the final
picture. Also consider taking a variety of levels and positions.
Time is always of the essence
Believe it or not, in order to avoid any shadows that
may appear harsh on the picture, the best time to shoot is early during the
morning as well as late in the golden afternoon.
During this time, take your camera out and set it up
using a tripod. Then, take a reading of any area of the shot using a
light-meter. Once the appropriate measurements have been taken, adjust the
speed of the shutter and the aperture.
After all these, all you need to do is to press the
release button and take a beautiful picture.
Make use of natural effects
If there are any natural creations occupying your
shot, try to use a backlight or side lighting that provides the leaves, – for
example – grass, water or smoke an appearance that these seem to be
translucent, almost ethereal.
Pictures of a beautiful sunset are best taken just
when the sun has gently touched the horizon and immediately a maximum of five –
count them - five short minutes just after the sun has finally set.
It is best that you use or position yourself to a
geographically high point.
A filtered polarizer may also be used in order to
heighten the sky’s color or tone, thus delivering a picture befitting a
postcard.
A wide angle lens helps a lot in increasing the
picture’s scope.
Do not forget to relax. This prevents the camera from unnecessarily
shaking and helping you focus on the subject more than anything else.
Supply yourself with much needed supplies
Since landscape photos are usually taken far from the
city and well into the country, it is best that you pack up a host of
equipments that enables you to take pictures even during temporary obstacles. A
flashlight always comes in handy, bottled water is another (to keep the photographer
replenished and not thirsty), as well as a lot of extra rolls of film. This is
one piece of equipment that photographers generally can't do without.
Basically, a wide angle lens has a focal length that
measures less than forty millimeters. Be aware as well as be wary that the
length of the lens changes how an image is seen.
All in all, determining the best lens to use for a
particular shot requires a lot of patience, skill and practice. The art of
mastering landscape photography doesn't have to be difficult. And the best lens
to use for such kind of photography is a wide-angle lens. Getting that that
shot right takes not only skill but the strength, stamina and
endurance to get to where the location of the
landscape is and the energy – upon reaching that location – to get the job
done. And when that moment arrives, the job has only just begun.
Zoom (Filters)
If you are a photographer or just someone that loves
taking pictures using your camera, specifically the single-lens reflex (SLR)
camera, you must know what zooms are for. Zoom lenses are added to your basic
camera unit to be able to focus on a subject correctly. It is similar to
filters that you also add on your camera for specific special effects.
During the past, you would see a photographer carrying
his huge camera case which contained about half a dozen different lenses. Each
of these lenses has a fixed focal length and can only be used for a certain
type of focus shot. If the photographer wants to take a shot on something from
a different angle, he would need to change lenses. That takes a lot of time and
possible loss of the good view for the shot.
Having all these lenses and carrying them every time
you have a shoot can be a big burden, not to mention, expensive. Thanks to our
ever improving technology, zoom lenses were
introduced. With zoom lenses, you can have a single lens that covers the same
range that three or more fixed focal length lenses. This definitely lets the
photographer change angle or focus instantaneously as compared to the old
lenses.
Mid-range zoom lenses are versatile since they can
cover normal, wide-angle and telephoto focal lengths with just a single lens.
Telephoto zoom lenses are great for portraits, scenic, travel, candid and
sports photos. Long zooms are useful for wildlife and sports photography.
Features of Zoom Lenses
Here are just some of the features of most zoom lenses
available:
1. Macro focusing. This feature allows the lens to
focus at a close range. To determine how close a lens is able to focus, a reproduction
ratio is specified in the lens. A 1:4 reproduction ratio means that a lens can
focus an object such that if the diameter of the object is 4 inches, it will
measure just 1 inch in the picture itself.
2. One-touch zoom control. Most of the zoom lenses
have just a single ring that controls the focus and zoom at the same time.
3. Lens aperture. There are zoom lenses that have only
one maximum aperture, while others have two, for example f2.8-4.0. The f-number
changes as the zoom changes.
Tips for buying zoom lenses
If you are planning to buy a zoom lens, the first
thing you have to consider is the focal length range. For you to know what
correct focal length range to buy, you must identify your purpose for the lens.
If you think you will use it mostly for travel and vacations, a mid-range zoom
would suffice. However, if you are planning to use it for sports and portraits,
a telephoto zoom is a better choice.
The size and weight of the lens is also a
consideration. In general, a bigger and heavier lens is usually faster. One
that has wide zooming range can also be larger.
Lens speed is important if you are intending to use
the lens for indoor photography. A faster lens allows more light which makes it
easier to shoot in subdued lighting.
If you are using a lot of filters, it is best to
consider the size of the zoom so it can accommodate as much filter. If you want
close-up photos, you must also consider the specifications of the camera with
regard to macro focusing. If you are after flexibility, it is best to have a
zoom with continuous macro focusing than a limited one.
Of course, just like any other product, price is also
a consideration. The better the features of the zoom lens, the more expensive
they will be.
Zoom lenses are really a good investment if you are
thinking of making photography a business. Even if you don’t, and you are just
someone who loves taking pictures, having zoom lenses is still a good choice.
You can take great shots at different angles and distances.
So if you are thinking of getting one, decide first on how you intend to use the lens so you can make the right choice. As you become more and more into this hobby or profession, then you can buy different types of zooms. Carrying just one or two zoom lenses is not a bad idea.
5. How Do Filters Work?
If you are a professional photographer, you must have
a set of filters in your camera equipment. Even if you are just an amateur, you
probably have one or two filters. What are filters? Why do photographers buy
different filters? How do they work?
Camera filters are transparent optical elements that
change light properties entering the camera to improve the recorded image.
Filters affect the different properties of an image such as sharpness,
contrast, color, highlight flare, and light intensity. It can alter one or a
combination of these properties, and can also create various special effects.
Camera filters are connected to the front of the lens.
Aside from its features, it also protects the lens from elements such as salt
air. Some cameras need lens adapters to be able to use filters.
Filters work the same whether you use them on a
digital camera or film. There are just a few differences to be considered.
Filters that
can reduce excess contrast such as polarizers are
helpful in a digital camera because digital is more inclined to blow out
highlights. Digital cameras are also known to be less sensitive to ultraviolet
light, thus, ordinary UV filters may not be needed. Also, infrared filters are
easier to use in digital cameras.
Some Filter Types
There are different kinds of filters for a camera and
each has its own purpose.
- Ultraviolet filters. As the name implies, this type
of filter absorbs ultraviolet light. Cameras, especially ones that use film,
have high sensitivity to the invisible light known as ultraviolet light. This
is common in making outdoor shots, especially in highly elevated places where
there is only a thin layer of atmosphere that absorbs the ultraviolet light.
Without UV filters, viewing far images can be
difficult because UV causes a haze that diminishes details with farther
distance. UV filters are available in various absorption levels measured by the
percentage of transmission at 400 nanometers. A filter that transmits
0% is ideal for long distance and aerial shots. For
normal situations, a UV filter with 29% transmission is generally good enough.
- Infra-Red filters. These filters are used to reduce
visible light. Filters that can totally absorb visible light and transmit only
infrared lights are useful for situations like recording heat effects and
aerial haze penetration.
- Natural density (ND) filters. ND filters are used
when light intensity is high and proper exposure needs to be attained or when a
specific lens opening is required for sharpness purposes. This type of filter
evenly absorbs light throughout the visible range which alters the exposure
effectively without the need to change lens opening or do color shifts.
- Polarizing filters. Polar filters or polarizers
enhance contrast, color and reflection control. It has a different optical
principle compared to other filter types. Polarizing filters allows light to
pass through in just one vibratory direction. Different alignment can produce
different effects to the image. If the filter is aligned perpendicularly to the
polarized reflected glare, the result would create stronger colors because
true-colored reflection will pass through.
Polarizers are increasingly being used for outdoor
shots to improve contrast and color saturation. A blue sky can be darkened by a
polarizing filter, but it has to be blue in the first place.
Polarizers can also minimize and control reflections
from water or glass surfaces. To get the best results, an angle of 33 degrees
incident to the surface is advisable. The effect can be seen by viewing through
while the polarizer is rotated. An object in water can appear as an object out
of water without having the reflection.
Optical filters can be a good investment for those who
want to make a living out of photography. It allows for different kinds of
shots with special effects. It also makes an image look more alive by the
different features and effects these filters have to offer.
But even when taking pictures just as a hobby, having
some of these filters will be necessary to get the image of clarity desired.
Taking a shot without a filter is indeed different from a shot with one.
There are just some considerations that need to be
thought about before buying filters. Different types of filters are obviously
for
different purposes. It is best to determine what the
main purpose is and what type of situation is commonly encountered.
Filters for Special Effects
Have you seen picture ads in magazines that look so
nice that they don't look real at all? Some of them have been edited using
photo editing software. But, definitely, most of them have been taken using a
camera with a special kind of filter.
There are a wide variety of filters to choose from
when adding to your camera equipment. There are filters for either color or
black-and-white shots or both. Each filter has its own function, whether for
enhancing the color contrast, improving sharpness, highlight flares and more.
And there are filters for special effects like those photos normally seen in
magazines and advertisements.
Here are some examples of filters that can be used to
enhance the image by adding special effects to them.
Star and Cross Effect Filters
There are different star effect flares available such
as Star-Six and Star-Eight. The Star-Six has six-pointed light flares, while
Star-Eight has eight-pointed flares. These flares add more brightness to
images. This filter is good when taking pictures of streetlights, theme-parks
during the night or sun-reflections on glass structures.
A cross screen filter is similar to star filters
except that the flare is four-cross. It also gives a dramatic effect to bright
points in the image. It is ideal for taking photos of ladies wearing jewelry.
Spectral cross filter produces cross effects as well
as soft-focus effects normally desired for portraits, outdoor shots with direct
lighting or back lighting with increased cross effects. It is a filter with two
transparent and colorless optical glasses in a rotating frame with a black
gauze-like fiber in between.
Vario cross filter gives an effect of four rays of
light coming out from each light source point. It is a filter consisting of two
glasses with parallel lines etched on each glass. The front glass can be
rotated separately to modify the angle of the light rays.
Close-up Filters
As the name implies, these filters are for close-up
photography which are better than zooms. These filters are available in +1, +2,
+3, +4, and +10 diopters with the higher number giving a much closer shot.
Macro close-up filters are good for taking shots of
small insects, flowers and other tiny objects at close-up. It has a +10 diopter
rating with a 2-element, 2-group construction lens.
Split field filter takes a close-up shot of half of
the image while the other half is normal. This is used for keeping in focus
both close and far objects at the same time.
Multivision Filters
To create a fantastic effect of repeating an object in
a single photo, multivision filters are used. These are available in 3PF, 3F,
5F, 6F, and 6PF where the number determines the number of times the object will
be repeated. It works great with dark backgrounds or larger objects.
Multivision filters are made up of optical glass
accurately cut into different facets. Color multivision filters add different
colors to the image. There are two types available – 3F with three faces in
red, green and blue and 5F with five faces equally divided into orange and
green colors.
Misty Spot Filters
This type of filters provides a blurring effect of the
background of a clear and sharp central image. There are four types of these
kinds available.
A breezing filter gives unidirectional streaks of the
blurred background. Gradual filter has streaks that seem to originate from the
center image. The windmill filter has a blurring background that swirls about
the center. The halo filter has blurring streaks that originate from a point at
the edge of the field.
Diffusion Filters
Diffusion filters provide a soft focus effect on the
image due to an irregular or uneven surface. This kind of filter is
specifically used for portraits.
Center Spot Filters
The center of this filter has a clear spot that gives
the center image a clear and sharp effect, while the background can have an
effect of fog to make it romantic.
These are just some of the special effects filters
available for professional and amateur photographers alike. It surely is nice
to add even just one or two to your collection with the fabulous effects that
it can provide on your shots.
6. Color or Black and White?
The debate regarding the use of color or black and
white for photographs has been going on for decades. Many traditionalists still
prefer the formal appearance of black and white photographs.
However, these days there seem to be only a few
traditionalists left as more and more photographs are being developed in color.
Many people are opting for color pictures simply
because they are simpler and cheaper to produce. This was not always the case,
as it took some time before the required technology for color photographs could
surpass the quality of black and white photos.
Before color, black and whites were the standard print
used for on film. Many historical materials that may contain pictures are often
in black or white. During the early days of photography, black and white
processing and printing was more inexpensive than color. At the same time,
black and white photographs had better quality than color.
At the start, color photographs were to expensive to
process and print compared to black and white. Plus, the outcome of color
photographs was not as crisp or sharp as black and white. It was only until
after the eighties when the quality of color photographs surpassed black and
white.
Color in Today’s Photographs
Unfortunately the entrance of color printing into the
main photography scene meant the decline of black and whites. As a result, the
supply of black and white film dwindled as well as the facilities that could
process and print them. In just a short time, black and white photographs
became the exception in photography while color became the rule.
In today’s world almost everything is in color.
Photographers, amateur and even professionals prefer using color in order to
better express the details of the pictures that they take. In addition,
photographs processed and printed in color are cheaper than black and whites.
In fact these days it is easier to get photographs printed in color than black
and whites.
The technology used in photography these days is able
to produce photographs that capture each and every vivid detail in color.
Furthermore, the advances in photography have also made it possible for people
to convert their existing black and white photographs into color. The results
are astounding as the photograph is vibrantly reprinted in color without
leaving any detail out.
The Resurgence of Black and White
Following the current trend in revivals, black and
white photographs are experiencing a comeback as photographers are
rediscovering the power of black and white imagery. Many people now view black
and white photos as an innovative take on the usual colored pictures. At the
same time, black and white photos impart a sense of reality that can be lost in
colored pictures.
Print advertising was the first industry to revive the
interest in black and white pictures. Gigantic billboards across the country
featured ads done entirely in black and white. Since then, black and white
photographs became requested all over the place.
Black and whites became popular with brides who wanted
to add a historical and classic touch to their wedding pictures. Photography
classes have also used black and white photographs as a great way to teach
students on how light affects film. However the resurgence of black and white
was inevitable because it's simply beautiful.
What goes with what?
In the early days, people had no choice but to use
black and white since it was the only medium available to them. But today,
people can choose what they want for their photographs. In most cases, the
choice of using color or black and white is a matter of personal preference.
Keep in mind that most subjects can be taken in black
and white. However there are times when using color can help bring out the true
beauty of the subject. You may want to pass up a black and white motif for
subjects that are known for color like an autumn settings, flowers and colorful
butterflies.
Use a black and white theme for subjects where color
may become a distraction to the viewer. Scenes of war or an accident are more
compelling and less violent to look out minus the color of blood. In this way,
black and white photographs relay more emotion without being too disturbing.
7. Tips to Successful Amateur
Photography
Whether you just have a simple point-and-shoot camera
or the more expensive digital SLRs, you can definitely take quality pictures
like the pros do. It’s not the type of camera that takes great shots, it’s the
photographer. If you don't know how to correctly take a shot, you can take a
really bad picture from an SLR camera.
As long as you know how to correctly take pictures and
are willing to make some adjustments, taking great photos will be easy for you.
Here are some tips to help you shoot like professionals even with your simple
digital camera.
1. Would you like your shots to have a warmer feel?
Most shots taken from a digital camera without any adjustments look cool and
clammy. This is because the white balance setting is set to “auto” as default which
is fine for snapshots.
If you want a warmer effect, though, with sharp
colors, you may want to set the white balance to “cloudy” setting instead of
auto. This is like adding a mild warming filter to the lens of your camera.
Cloudy setting increases the yellow and red colors adding a richer and warmer effect
to your shots.
2. Polarizing filters can be one of the most important
investments you can add to your digital camera. These filters reduce the glare
and unwanted reflections on your shots. This is great when you frequently take
landscape and outdoor shots. Pictures taken with a polarizer have richer and
more saturated colors.
If your camera won't allow filters, like a simple
point-and-shoot camera, don’t fret! You can still have a polarizing effect on
your shots by placing a good quality pair of sunglasses in front of the lens.
It gives an effect similar to a polarizer. Just make sure that you place it to
the lens as close as possible and the rims are not seen.
3. For an outdoor shot with shine, use your camera’s
“flash on” or “fill flash” feature. This lets you control when you want the
flash to go off, instead of it deciding when it wants to. This mode exposes
first the background then adding enough flash to illuminate your subject.
For great results, place your subject where the sun
illuminates the hair from the side or back. Alternatively, to let your subject
be comfortable and not be annoyed by the sun’s heat, place your model in the
shade then use the flash to illuminate the subject.
However, built-in flashes only have a maximum range of
10 feet. Thus, it would be better not to go too far from your subject.
4. Taking detailed shots of objects like flowers or
small insects is easy with your digital camera. Most digital cameras have a
feature called “close up” or “macro mode” usually indicated by a flower sign.
With this mode turned on, you can take shots of objects as close as possible.
However, you only get a shallow field-depth when taking close up pictures so it
is better to focus on the most important part of the subject then allow the
other parts of the image go soft.
5. Leveling the image may be difficult for amateurs as
well as some pros. One way to get a level or an even shot, especially of a
nature shot, is to look for some horizontal lines as guide. If you have a view
of the horizon, where the sky meets the ocean, you can use that as your
leveling guide.
If it still is difficult for you, you can try to take
several shots at different angles so you’ll know which one would give you the
best shot. After some time it will become natural for you to take even shots.
These are just some of the tricks you can do to take
wonderful shots on your digital camera, be it a simple point-and shoot kind or
the more professional SLR type. Photography is really an enjoyable and
fulfilling hobby, especially when a lot of people also appreciate your shots.
And it is not that difficult to have shots that most people will like. Just
explore, read different books, and take advice from pros and you’ll surely be
one of them in a matter of time.
8. Strategies for Portrait
Photography
Photography is one of the most popular hobbies and
professions in the world. There is nothing like capturing fragments of reality
and preserving it on film. There are many kinds of photography, but one of the
most in-demand is portrait photography.
A good portrait is described as a picture with a
quality image that captures both the physical features and character of the
subject. Taking good portraits is very challenging because a photographer needs
a subject with an upbeat personality that also reflects sensitivity and
liveliness.
There are lots of factors that photography enthusiasts
need to know in capturing the perfect portrait.
1. Revelation of the subject's character
For a portrait to be considered good, it must capture
at least one element that shows the features and traits of the subject as well
as one that captures his or her individuality. The image must reveal an
important part of the subject's character that can be identifiable by those who
know them. Therefore, it is quite challenging for a portrait to show the
character of his subject if they have only met for the first time.
2. The right moment to take pictures
Definitely, the photo shoot should start when the
subject is comfortable and at ease with his or her appearance and surroundings.
Never shoot if the subject is tense or uneasy, because it will reflect in the
pictures. There is no rule that says a conversation should stop when shooting
starts; it can still continue especially if it makes the subject open up more
to the photographer.
Remember that the subject does not need to smile to
make the portrait look good. Oftentimes, a thoughtful or a serious expression
is preferred since it reveals more of the subject's character.
3. Preparedness of the photographer
This is important since it is the photographer who
takes control of a photo session. The subject must feel that the person behind
the camera knows what he's doing and is experienced enough to tell the subject
how to pose. The photographer himself must be prepared and relaxed throughout
the session.
4. Right kind of lighting
Probably the best light that can be used for capturing
the personality of the subject is natural daylight. The variety of lighting
choices brought about by outdoor conditions gives more creative leeway for the
photographer. Having the subject sit near the window can also produce great
effects. The only disadvantage of natural light is that it's not always
consistent. This is the reason all photographers must utilize artificial
lighting. All photographers must have studio flashes. Also, the position of the
photographer in relation to the subject can also be shifted in order to
maximize the light available.
5. Appropriate background
Simply put, a bad background can destroy a picture.
Always pay close attention on the scenery behind the subject when framing
shots. There are many creative options that be used when shooting outdoors. The
subject can be made to pose beside or in front of colorful flowers or leaves,
the sea or the sky. To reduce the effect of a distracting background, a photographer
can make use of long lenses or an expansive aperture. For indoors, one can use
black or grey cloth for the background, then adding colored transparent
plastics over the flashes to modify color.
6. Usage of costumes and props
Portraits usually are a rare photograph of a subject,
and good costumes can make the portrait more interesting and valuable. You
don't always need to use a full costume; sometimes a hint of it will make
wonders, such as hats or scarves. Props should be used very carefully, and
should not distract from the main subject of the photograph. A prop should
establish the natural pose and mood of the one being photographed.
7. Framing
The kind of framing can already create the image
desired by the photographer. It is recommended that photos be cropped before
shooting. The image should be checked a few seconds before clicking the
shutter. Images that are not needed should be excluded from the shot.
Producing the perfect portrait may seem hard at first
but these tips can help novices so that they can shoot better pictures.
9. How to Start a Photography
Business?
Do you love taking pictures? Are you considering
making some money out of it? Starting a business in photography is relatively
easy, as long as you have the right equipment.
You can start a photography business with only a few
bucks, or possibly nothing at all if you already have the right camera
equipment. You can even start your business in the comforts of your own home.
You can probably find a small space in your house or a
room dedicated for your business. That will serve as your “office” space.
With the advent of digital SLR (single-lens reflex)
cameras, you don't even need a dark room to develop the pictures you have
taken. All you need is a personal computer with above average specifications
and photo editing software such as Adobe Photoshop.
If you want to make your hobby a business, you should
not only have your basic camera unit but the additional equipment as well. Of
course, you would want your pictures to stand out and be more appealing to
potential clients. You would need different zoom lenses and camera filters to
make your shots clear, sharp and even have some special effects.
Starting with a few of them will do, and then just
gradually increase them as your business progresses. You don't even have to
make this a full time business right away, especially if you don't have a
client base yet. Doing this part time would be sufficient enough while in the
start up stage.
Even if you only do this on your free time, make sure
you are still dedicated and serious. You won't be able to get enough clients to
sustain yourself if you don’t take this business seriously.
Since you are going to make this engrossing hobby a
business, there will be some legality that you need to take care of. First, you
need to have your business registered and have a name and logo to be able to
operate legally. Once registered, you can issue receipts and file taxes for
your business.
Also, it would be good to write a business plan.
Having one will help you identify your goal for your business and keep focused
with this goal. This way, you will know if the business that you start up is
worth all your time and effort.
With your business plan, you can also define the
different strategies that you can do to make your business more profitable. You
can change the business plan from time to time as needed. Having a business
plan will surely help your business increase earnings, as well as help you to
find ways in financing your business.
Your business plan should include your business’
objectives. This is important because it will help you stay in focus on how you
want your business to turn out in the long run. It should also include a
marketing plan, how you intend to advertise and market your services
to get customers. Also, the price you intend to charge
on your services should be included. You may want to change this as your
business grows.
Who else can help you better than your relatives and
friends with regard to marketing your services? At first, you may want to
volunteer your services for free for birthdays and other occasions of your
relatives and close friends. For sure, once they have seen your good shots,
they will recommend you to their own circle of friends and colleagues.
And it will go on and on until you realize that you
are now having difficulty arranging your schedule because of so many
appointments. Of course, doing some marketing and advertising techniques would
help. You can probably give away flyers or brochures to your neighbors. Or
maybe post an ad in your local newspaper.
There are many ways to gain clients. Many people now
consider photographs as a very important part in special occasions. Companies
also rely on good photos to market their products.
Starting a photography business may be easy to do but it should be taken seriously. For anyone who wants to make serious money, dedication is important. You should also be responsible for all your actions. After all, wouldn’t it be nice to earn decent income with something you love doing?
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